Bursitis is an inflammation of the bursae (small sacs of fluid) in the body located where ligaments and tendons intersect with bones. When the bursae are healthy, they allow the ligaments and tendons to glide smoothly and painlessly across the surface of the bone. However, inflamed bursae (bursitis) causes any movement that relies on the affected bursae to be painful and difficult. Muscle stiffness may also result. Moreover, the movement itself further inflames the bursae and aggravates the problem. The condition can be caused by trauma, auto immune disorders, infection or by medication.
Bursitisi most commonly affects the shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee joints.
This article aims to provide an overview of the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for bursitis.
Bursitis can develop as a result of various factors, including:
Repeated movements or activities that put stress on a joint can lead to bursitis. This commonly occurs in occupations or sports that involve repetitive motions, such as painting, gardening, or throwing.
Direct trauma, such as a fall or blow to a joint, can cause bursitis. The bursae become inflamed in response to the injury.
Overuse of a joint or prolonged pressure on a specific area can irritate the bursae, leading to inflammation. This can happen due to activities like kneeling or leaning on elbows for extended periods.
In some cases, bursitis may result from a bacterial infection that enters the bursa. This is less common but can cause more severe symptoms and requires immediate medical attention.
The most common symptoms of bursitis include:
Pain in the affected joint is the primary symptom of bursitis. The pain may be sharp or achy and typically worsens with movement or pressure on the area.
Inflammation of the bursa can cause swelling and redness around the affected joint.
Bursitis can result in decreased flexibility and restricted movement of the affected joint. This can impact daily activities and range from mild discomfort to significant limitations.
The skin over the inflamed bursa may feel warm to the touch, and there can be tenderness when pressure is applied.
The treatment approach for bursitis aims to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and improve joint function. Common treatment options include:
Resting the affected joint and avoiding activities that aggravate symptoms can promote healing. Immobilization through the use of splints or braces may be recommended for severe cases.
Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce pain and inflammation. In some cases, corticosteroid injections may be administered by a healthcare professional for more significant pain relief.
Applying ice packs or cold compresses to the affected area can help reduce swelling and alleviate pain. Heat therapy, such as warm compresses or heating pads, can promote blood flow and relaxation of the affected area.
A physical therapist can provide exercises and stretches to strengthen the muscles around the joint, improve range of motion, and promote proper biomechanics. They may also use modalities like ultrasound or electrical stimulation to aid in pain relief.
In cases of severe swelling or infection, a healthcare professional may perform a bursa aspiration (by lancing it with a needle) to remove excess fluid and relieve pressure on the bursa.
If the bursitis is caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics may be prescribed to clear the infection and prevent further complications.
While not all cases of bursitis can be prevented, some measures can reduce the risk:
Take breaks & vary your activities and body positions frequently. While doing so, maintain good ergonomics to avoid excessive stress on joints.
When engaging in activities that put stress on joints, use appropriate protective equipment, such as knee pads or elbow pads.
Regular exercise that focuses on strengthening muscles and maintaining joint flexibility can help prevent bursitis.
Maintain good posture during activities and ensure proper body mechanics to minimize strain on joints.
Bursitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the bursae, resulting in joint pain, swelling, and limited mobility. By understanding the causes, recognizing the symptoms, and seeking appropriate treatment, individuals can manage bursitis effectively.
Additionally, adopting preventive measures, such as avoiding overuse, maintaining good posture, and practising joint-friendly techniques, can help reduce the risk of developing bursitis. Consulting with a healthcare professional is advised for an accurate diagnosis and to determine the most suitable treatment plan for individual cases of bursitis.
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