Pain Below Kneecap

Pain below the kneecap, known as patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), is a common condition that affects individuals of all ages, especially athletes, runners, and those engaged in repetitive knee movements. It is characterized by discomfort and pain around or behind the patella (kneecap).

This article aims to shed light on the causes, diagnosis, and treatment options for patellofemoral pain syndrome.

Causes

Overuse and repetitive activities

Engaging in activities that involve repeated bending of the knee, such as running, jumping, or squatting, can put excessive (or repetitive) stress on the patellofemoral joint, leading to pain.

Muscle imbalances and weakness

Weakness or imbalances in the quadriceps and hip muscles can alter the alignment and tracking of the patella, resulting in pain.

Improper biomechanics and alignment

Abnormalities in the alignment of the lower extremities, such as flat feet, inward knee rotation, or knock knees, can contribute to PFPS.

Trauma or injury

A direct blow or trauma to the knee can cause damage to the structures around the patella, leading to pain.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing PFPS involves a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare professional, typically an orthopedic specialist or a sports medicine physician. The diagnosis may include:

Medical history and physical examination

The doctor will discuss your symptoms, medical history, and any recent injuries. They will also conduct a physical examination, assessing knee alignment, muscle strength, and joint stability.

Imaging tests

X-rays or MRI scans may be ordered to rule out other potential causes of knee pain and to evaluate the condition of the knee joint and surrounding structures.

Treatment

The treatment approach for patellofemoral pain syndrome is usually conservative and focuses on relieving pain, reducing inflammation, and addressing underlying factors contributing to the condition. Treatment options may include:

Rest and activity modification

Reducing or avoiding activities that exacerbate the pain can help alleviate symptoms and promote healing.

Physical therapy

A structured physical therapy program tailored to the individual’s needs can address muscle imbalances, improve knee biomechanics, and strengthen the muscles around the knee. This may include exercises for quadriceps, hip, and core muscles, as well as stretching and flexibility routines.

Pain management

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, may be recommended to manage pain and reduce inflammation. However, these should be used under medical guidance.

Orthotics and braces

In some cases, using shoe inserts or knee braces can help correct alignment issues and provide additional support to the knee joint.

RICE therapy

Rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) can be beneficial in reducing pain and inflammation. Applying ice packs, compressing the knee with a bandage, and elevating the leg can aid in the recovery process.

Gradual return to activity

Once symptoms subside, a gradual return to activity and sport is recommended to prevent a recurrence of pain. A healthcare professional or physical therapist can provide guidance on how to safely resume activities.

Surgical intervention

In rare cases where conservative treatments fail to provide relief, medical interventions such as injections or surgery may be considered. However, these are typically reserved for severe or refractory cases.

Conclusion

Patellofemoral pain syndrome can be a frustrating condition, but with proper diagnosis, targeted treatment, and lifestyle modifications, individuals can experience significant relief and regain their active lifestyle.

If you are experiencing persistent knee pain, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional to receive an accurate diagnosis and develop an appropriate treatment plan tailored to your specific needs.