Ankle instability is a common condition characterized by a recurrent sensation of the ankle giving way or feeling unstable. It is usually caused by damage to the ankle ligaments as a result of trauma to the ankle. The commonest cause of this trauma is an ankle sprain. Inherent factors can, also, contribute to the the development of ankle instability.. This article aims to provide insights into the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for ankle instability.
The most common cause of ankle instability is a previous ankle sprain. Instability is likely to occur only if the sprain happens repeatedly. A single episode of ankle sprain is unlikely to lead to ankle instability. When the ligaments around the ankle joint are stretched or torn, they may not heal properly, leading to chronic instability.
Injuries that result in ligament damage, such as a severe sprain or ligament tears, can weaken the ligaments that stabilize the ankle joint. This weakened support can contribute to ankle instability.
Some individuals may have inherent factors that predispose them to ankle instability. Inherent factors are factors that people are born with that predispose them to ankle instability.These can include lax ligaments, structural abnormalities in the ankle joint or a family history of ankle instability.
The symptoms of ankle instability can vary in severity and may include:
Individuals with ankle instability are prone to recurrent ankle sprains, often triggered by minor movements or even while walking on uneven surfaces.
A constant sensation of the ankle being unstable or giving way, particularly during physical activities or weight-bearing tasks. Affected individuals often complain about a repeated ‘turning’ of the ankle, especially on uneven surfaces or when participating in sports. The ankle tends to feel wobbly or unstable.
Swelling around the ankle joint may persist, especially after periods of increased activity or following an ankle sprain.
Persistent pain or discomfort in the ankle joint, which can range from mild to severe, particularly after physical exertion or prolonged standing.
Muscular weakness and fatigue in the ankle and lower leg, making activities that require balance or sudden changes in direction challenging.
The treatment of ankle instability aims to alleviate symptoms, strengthen the ankle and improve stability. The approach may vary depending on the severity and underlying cause of the instability. Here are some common treatment options:
Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation (RICE) therapy is often the initial approach following an ankle sprain or during acute episodes of instability. It helps reduce pain, swelling, and inflammation.
A structured physical therapy program is essential to strengthen the muscles around the ankle joint, improve balance and range of motion as well as enhance proprioception. Therapeutic exercises, stretching, and balance training can significantly improve ankle stability.
The use of ankle braces or athletic taping techniques can provide external support to the ankle joint, enhancing stability during activities. These aids can help prevent excessive ankle movements that may lead to sprains.
Custom-made or over-the-counter orthotic devices, such as ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) or shoe inserts, can provide additional support and stabilization to individuals with ankle instability.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen (advil, motrin) or naproxen (aleve) may be recommended to manage pain and reduce inflammation associated with ankle instability. Consultation with a healthcare professional is essential before starting any medication.
In cases of severe ligament damage or chronic instability that doesn’t respond to conservative treatments, surgical intervention may be considered. Fortunately, most cases of ankle instability will respond to conservative measures. Only a relatively small number of patients will need to have an operation.
Surgical options include ligament repair, reconstruction, or stabilization procedures. Sometimes, surgical correction can be achieved using a keyhole procedure. In the majority of cases, the surgery requires only an overnight stay in hospital.
Often, during the post-surgery convalescence, you will need to take a daily oral or injected blood-thinning medication to prevent a blood clot forming in your leg. Stabilisation of the leg in a plaster cast could be needed for about 6 to 12 weeks after the operation. Following removal of the plaster cast, you may need to wear an ankle brace or walker boot for up to 6 weeks. A period of physiotherapy is usually recommended at some point in the convalescence period. Many patients can resume light exercise about 3 months after the surgery. However, sporting activities involving twisting (such as football, rugby and squash) are not usually allowed until approximately 6 months have elapsed.
Engaging in activities that improve flexibility, strength, and balance, such as yoga or specific exercises, can help prevent future ankle injuries and promote overall ankle stability.
Ankle instability can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life, limiting activities and increasing the risk of further injuries.
Understanding the causes, recognizing the symptoms and seeking appropriate treatment are crucial in managing ankle instability effectively. Early intervention, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications can significantly improve ankle stability, allowing individuals to return to their daily activities with confidence and reduced risk of future sprains.
Consulting with a healthcare professional is essential to determine the most suitable treatment plan based on individual needs and the severity of ankle instability.
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The Mueller Sports Medicine Adjustable Ankle Stabilizer features a convenient step-in design for convenient application, a seamless air-mesh sole for superior comfort and firm plastic stays for reliable ankle support. Replaces the MU44547 Adjustable Ankle Stabilizer.
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Mueller’s Adjustable Ankle Support boasts a patented strapping system that uses criss-cross tension straps. Seamless edges produce a comfort oriented design with minimal bunching. One Size.
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The McDavid Ankle Brace / Lace Up With Stays has spring steel medical stays for solid support and is built of highly breathable two-layer polyester/vinyl mesh. The ventilated tongues makes this brace highly breathable, as do its highly breathable lining and reinforced eyelets.
Level 3: Maximum Protection – Helping to prevent and/or recover from common ankle sprains
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The McDavid Ankle Brace With Straps helps to prevent and/or recover from common ankle sprains. It is constructed of single-layer polyester fabric for full support and minimal weight.
Level 3: Maximum Protection – Helping to prevent and/or recover from common ankle sprains
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The LP Ankle Brace With Straps features non-stretch nylon “figure 8” straps and will protect you from ankle inversion and eversion sprains. We also recommend this brace if you suffer from instability due to previous ankle injuries and are worried about repeat strains or other injuries.
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The McDavid Ankle Sleeve features a 4-way stretch that facilitates comfort and compression in all directions. It also features Mcdavid’s exclusive 5-needle stitch for a flatter, cleaner and stronger seam. The brace also has an exterior layer of nylon fabric for added durability.
Level 1: Primary Protection – Relief from pain associated with arthritis and tendonitis; minor ankle support
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The latex free Mueller Sports Medicine Ankle Support features a non restrictive fit and soothing warmth and compression from its neoprene blend. Replaces the MU964 ankle support.
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The LP Ankle Support supports weak ankles, prevents ligament sprains and relieves pain from tendonitis. You can add a simple strap to enhance the adjustability or stability of the brace. It is is an ideal choice for those with a history of neoprene or latex allergies.
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The McDavid Ankle Support With Figure-8 Straps features a wrap-around figure-8 strap design that provides compressive comfort and pain relief. It also features McDavid’s exclusive 5-needle stitch for a flatter, cleaner and stronger seam, which results in increased comfort for the patient. It includes an adjustable hook and loop closure for a customized fit.
Level 2: Advanced Protection – Minor to moderate ankle support plus relief from pain associated with arthritis and tendonitis
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The Mueller Ankle Support with Straps combines elastic straps for optimal ankle support with a neoprene blend construction for joint warmth & blood circulation.
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The LP Ankle Support-704 is designed to support and compress weak or unstable ankle joints and will also reduce swelling and stiffness after injury. Its open toe and heel design increases your wearing comfort and simplifies application and removal.
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The ankle straps of the Mueller Sports Medicine ATF 2 Ankle Brace self-adjust to support your Anterior Talofibular Ligament and help protect against ‘rolling the ankle’ without restricting jumping, speed or agility. The ATF® 2 straps are lightweight and comfortable and help support weakened or sprained ankles. Now replaced by the ATF 3 Ankle Brace.
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With an easy on quick wrap feature, a low profile adaptive fit and maximum support, the McDavid Bio-Logix Ankle Brace provides superb Level 3 protection from ankle eversion and inversion sprains and other causes of ankle instability.
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The Darco Body Armor Sport is an ankle joint orthosis that is applied during the acute phase of injury as well as during the process of rehabilitation.
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Enjoy firm yet comfortable support for stiff, weak or sore ankles wearing the Mueller Sports Medicine Elastic Ankle Support. Fits either ankle.
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With its high quality elastic construction and Figure-6 strap system, the McDavid Elite Engineered Elastic Ankle Brace offers a combination of support and comfort that will amaze your patients.
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The LP Extreme Ankle Support is made from LP Support’s innovative CoolPrene® material and is an excellent choice to relieve pain, swelling and stiffness and speeds recovery from an ankle injury. It also has an open heel design for comfort and easy application.
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The Mueller Sports Medicine Hg80 Ankle Brace With Straps has extra-long dynamic criss-cross figure-8 straps and a side heel-lock with side stirrup straps.
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Mueller’s Premium Soft Shell Ankle Brace With Straps is lightweight, neoprene free and features a unique criss-cross strapping system to stabilize the ankle. It also uses their exclusive HydraCinn construction with in-built anti microbial protection against stains and odours.
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The Mueller Green Adjustable Ankle Support features adjustable tension straps and soft, non-petroleum based neoprene blend to retain body heat and provide soothing warmth to help relieve pain and keep your ankle flexible.
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The McDavid Phantom Ankle Brace will surprise you with its stability, convenience and superb fit, courtesy of MDavid’s exclusive rear entry design and ground breaking lace free support.
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DynaPro Porous Zinc Oxide Tape will offer security under the most demanding conditions while being comfortable to wear and presenting less irritation to sensitive skin.
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Renfrew Tape (#188 Professional Trainers Tape) is Canadian made from premium bleached cotton back cloth coated with a zinc oxide-impregnated rubber adhesive.
Please see below for additional information about Renfrew Tape (#188 Professional Trainers Tape).
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The Super Lite AFO ankle brace counters the symptoms of drop foot by holding the foot in the correct position and helping the patient to avoid dragging the affected foot while walking
