An elbow strain is an injury to the flexor or extensor forearm muscles and tendons that connect to the elbow. The injury can take the form of overstretching, tearing or a complete rupture.
An elbow strain can be a chronic injury due to repetitive overuse of the elbow or forearm muscles or tendons. However, it can also be an acute injury due to sudden elbow twisting or hyperextension beyond its normal range of motion.
Typical symptoms of a strained elbow are pain, swelling, tenderness, muscle spasms and joint weakness. In some cases, patients may sense a cracking noise in the elbow. The symptoms tend to worsen during the performance of activities involving the injured elbow or forearm.
Treatment of an elbow strain usually involves application of the R.I.C.E. approach as well as certain pain relief medications. Physical therapy exercises in order to strengthen the forearm muscles are also usually recommended. The most severe elbow strains (involving completely ruptured muscles or tendons) may require surgical correction.
As with many soft tissue injuries, elbow strains are usually classified according to their degrees of severity:
A type III strain will also require a longer time to heal – possibly as much as about 3 months. During this time, the patient will need to avoid physical activity involving the forearm or elbow to ensure a complete recovery.
The symptoms of an elbow strain are:
For type III strains involving a complete rupture of the muscle or tendon, a piece of bone may be detached from the point of attachment at the elbow.
If you are experiencing some or all of the above symptoms, your doctor may conduct a diagnosis by performing a complete review of your medical history. He or she will also physically examine your elbow to understand the nature and location of the pain and what makes it worse.
The patient may be asked to explain how the injury occurred and what he or she was doing at the time. The doctor may ask the patient to move the elbow and upper arm in various ways and report any increase in the pain felt.
In addition to the above procedures, a doctor may request an imaging scan of the affected area. This may be in the form of an X Ray, CT or MRI scan.
The X Ray in particular can identify any bone fractures that may be present. In some cases, a muscle sprain can result in the accumulation of fluid in the injured area. An X Ray scan can also help in identifying this.
If the elbow sprain is a mild or moderate one (no complete rupture of muscles or tendons), the doctor may recommend a R.I.C.E. approach. This will include most of the following:
As the patient’s symptoms improve, he or she may be advised to commence a physical therapy exercise program. This will be done under the supervision of a physiotherapist. The exercises will help to stretch and strengthen the forearm muscles. The goal will be to reduce the risk of recurrence of the elbow strain.
For a severe (type III) strain, there will have been complete rupture of a muscle or tendon. For this type of injury, the conservative treatment described enough will not be sufficient. Instead, surgery may be required to repair the severed muscle or tendon and replace any pieces of bone that may have been dislodged.
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